The iridescent koa bug (Coleotichus blackburniae), also known as the "stinkless stink bug," is Hawai‘i's largest endemic true bug. Found only on endemic koa and ʻaʻaliʻi trees, the koa bug is threatened by an parasitic fly introduced to control similar looking agricultural pest stink bugs.

Hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata), or honu ‘ea, are critically endangered throughout the world. While less than 20 individuals are observed nesting each year on Hawai‘i Island, they account for about 90% of documented nesting in the entire state.

The nēnē, also known as the Hawaiian goose (Branta sandvicensis) is the only surviving species of goose endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. The official state bird, the nēnē is the rarest goose in the world.